In the construction field, the demand for precision is on the rise. Commercial space is becoming harder and harder to come by, meaning that developers often have to work within the constraints of a specific geographic space.
So, to keep up with the increased demand, builders and engineers are turning to state-of-the-art geospatial analysis programs to provide precision data regarding the location, condition, and surroundings of the intended building sites.
In this article, we will take a closer look at the different geospatial analytic tools available to construction professionals, as well as the benefits of incorporating them into a BIM workflow.
What are Geospatial Analytics?
To put it simply, geospatial analytics describes the process of collecting and analyzing data that is spatially or geographically referenced to provide construction engineers with valuable insights that can be applied to urban planning, environmental monitoring, and resource management. Some of the technologies used to gather geospatial information include GIS, GPS, and remote sensing.
Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
GIS is a framework for gathering, managing, and analyzing data rooted in geography. GIS integrates various data types and is used to visualize spatial information through maps and digital 3D representations. This technology aids in the understanding of patterns, relationships, and geographic context.
Global Positioning Systems (GPS)
We typically think of GPS as a navigational tool; however, when applied in a construction or surveying context, GPS technology ensures precise location data crucial for site planning and project layout.
Remote Sensing
Remote sensing is a way of gathering data about an area, structure, or object from aerial or satellite imaging. This technology is often used to monitor environmental changes, assess natural disasters, and conduct land-use planning, making it a valuable tool for large-scale project planning.
Key Benefits of Using Geospatial Analytics in BIM Workflows
On their own, geospatial analytics are incredibly useful. However, their true potential shines when they are added to a BIM workflow. Adding geospatial data to the list of real-time data that can be fed into BIM programs like Revit or Rhino opens up new possibilities that can transform the way projects are designed, executed, and managed. Some of the specific benefits of incorporating geospatial analytics into a bim flow include:
Enhanced Site Analysis and Planning
Geospatial data enables detailed analysis of site conditions, including topography, soil type, and existing infrastructure. These are key pieces of information needed for accurate site selection, feasibility studies, and planning. By aligning a BIM model with existing real-world conditions, the potential for issues related to unsuitable site characteristics is minimized, ensuring that the chosen site is optimal for the intended construction project.
Improved Environmental Impact Assessments
Incorporating geospatial analytics helps when conducting assessments of a construction project’s environmental impact. For example, local ecosystems, water sources, and wildlife habitats can be simulated in extreme detail, leading to accurate predictions and mitigation of ecological risks before construction begins.
Precision in Infrastructure and Utilities Design
The areas and structures surrounding a proposed build place constraints on a project. BIM-incorporated geospatial analytics provide schematic details about the location and condition of existing infrastructure and utilities, facilitating the best use of the space and resources within the parameters and constraints of the building site.
Accurate Terrain and Volume Calculations
Geospatial analytics allows for accurate terrain modeling and volume calculations, which are crucial for earthworks and excavation planning. This precision helps estimate the amount of material to be moved, plan the excavation logistics, and ensure that the project stays within budget and schedule constraints.
Tools and Technologies for Integrating Geospatial Data in BIM
ArcGIS for AutoCAD. This AutoCAD plugin allows users to access and edit geospatial data directly within their interface, bridging the gap between GIS and CAD. With ArcGIS’ online services, engineers can also import real-time data layers, facilitating automatic changes to site conditions.
FME (Feature Manipulation Engine)
FME excels in transforming and integrating data across a wide range of formats, making it an excellent choice for converting geospatial data for use in BIM applications. Its ability to automate complex data workflows can save substantial amounts of time, reduce errors, and enhance data processing efficiency.
InfraWorks
Autodesk’s InfraWorks is software designed for civil planners that combines GIS data with BIM models. It offers an intuitive interface for planning and developing infrastructure projects. Think of it as a cross between Revit and Google Earth. InfraWorks’ robust visualization capabilities allow users to create immersive 3D models within a driven topographical environment, providing a comprehensive understanding of the project’s real-world context.
BIM 360
Autodesk’s BIM 360 is a cloud-based construction management platform that supports GIS tools and plugins to facilitate clear communication and collaboration with project stakeholders.
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Challenges in Combining BIM with Geospatial Analytics
As we discussed before, integrating BIM with geospatial analytics offers numerous benefits. However, challenges must sometimes be overcome to fully exploit the combination of these two powerful tools.
● Data Compatibility: Ensuring that different data formats are compatible can be a major hurdle. Converting GIS data into a format that BIM software can understand requires careful handling, as well as sometimes external software like FME.
● Integration of 2D and 3D Data: Combining 2D geospatial data with 3D BIM models is possible but can be very technically demanding. For instance, aligning 2D GIS maps with 3D building models requires precise spatial alignment and scaling.
● Bridging Skill Gaps: Professionals involved in BIM and geospatial analytics may need additional training to effectively use these integrated tools. For instance, a GIS analyst might need to learn BIM software, while a BIM specialist might need to understand GIS principles.
BIM and Geospatial Analytics – Driving Engineering Into the Future
Engineers are truly living in a golden age of technology. The ability to combine BIM and geospatial analytics is just one example of how seemingly unrelated fields can merge together to streamline design and construction.
Who knows what exciting new AEC innovations we will see in the near future?